ZOO505 Assignment 2 Solution 2021 - VU Answer

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ZOO505 ASSIGNMENT 2 SOLUTION SPRING 2021 

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TOPIC:

Differences between Replication and Translation.

SOLUTION:

S.N.	Character	DNA Replication	Transcription
1.	Definition	DNA Replication is the process of making new copies of DNA	Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to RNA
2.	Significance	DNA Replication is important for properly regulating the growth of division of cells	Transcription of DNA is the method for regulating gene expression
3.	Transfer of Genetic Information	From DNA to DNA	From DNA to RNA
4.	Occurs during	S phase of cell cycle.	Occurs in the G1 and G2  phases of cell cycle.
5.	Motive	Occurs in preparation for cell division.	Occurs in preparation for protein translation.
6.	Involved in	Cell division	Gene expression
7.	Raw  Materials	dATP, dGTP, dTTP and dCTP serve as raw materials.	ATP, UTP, GTP and CTP serve as raw materials.
8.	Template	Both DNA  strands	Single DNA strand
9.	Primers	Requires RNA  primer to start replication.	No primer is required for initiation.
10.	Enzymes Required	DNA Helicase,  DNA  Polymerase	Transcriptase  (type of DNA Helicase), RNA polymerase
11.	Unwinding  and Splitting	It involves unwinding and splitting of the entire DNA molecule.	It involves unwinding and splitting of only those genes which are to be transcribed.
12.	Base pairing	Adenine pairs with thymine.	Adenine pairs with uracil instead of thymine.
13.	Copying of Template	The entire template strand is copied.	Only the  portion of the template DNA that codes for required genes is transcribed, or copied.
14.	Product	Two daughter  DNA	mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and noncoding RNA( like microRNA)
15.	Strands in product	Double stranded DNA	Single stranded  RNA
16.	Postformation	Joining of Okazaki fragments	RNA editing
17.	Processing	It produces  normal DNA  molecules that do not need any processing.	It produces primary RNA transcript molecule which needs processing to acquire final form and size.
18.	Bond	Replicated DNA strand remains hydrogen bonded to its template DNA strand.	Transcribed RNA strand separates from its DNA template strand
19.	Migration from the site of formation	Products remain within nucleus.	Greater part of the product passes from nucleus into the cytoplasm.
20.	Degradation of Product formed	Products are not degraded.	Products are degraded after their function is over.
21.	Rate of  Production	The rate of replication is typically 20 times faster than transcription  and six or  more  replication forks may be present at the same time on the chromosome.	Comparatively slower.
22.	Process followed by	Transcription/ Next replication	Translation.  Although some RNA are the final product themselves.
23.	Significance	Conserve the entire genome for next generation.	Necessary for protein synthesis.

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